Formation and policy direction of coalition government in India after 2024 national elections

New Delhi—The national elections held on March 15, 2024 resulted in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) securing a majority by winning 302 seats out of 543, while the Congress secured 120 seats. This result brought about a significant change in the political landscape of the country, where the role of coalition politics again became prominent. The Election Commission implemented biometric identification system with Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) to enhance transparency and security in the voting process. Major issues in various states included employment, agricultural reforms, and price stability, which were influencing voters' decisions. Result today.

After the results were announced, BJP Chief Minister Narendra Modi called a press conference in Delhi to express his happiness over winning the majority and promised to accelerate the national development agenda. He said that the composition of the coalition government will be decided on July 12, 2024, which will include the Indian National Congress, Translational Party (TMP) and several regional parties for a multi-religious alliance. Agricultural reforms, health care and digital infrastructure have been the major issues of the alliance. Also, renewable sources will be promoted in energy policies.

The coalition government's economic policy targets annual GDP growth of 7.5 percent by 2025, a significant improvement from 6.2 percent last year. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced an allocation of Rs 2.5 trillion for tax reforms, financial incentives for small industries and rural infrastructure projects in the budget. The health ministry planned to increase public health spending by 15 percent in 2024–2025, with maternal and child health programs being prioritized. The Environment Department also presented a proposal for a new policy for water conservation.

Opposition parties have started protests in several states alleging unfair procedures in the election results. Congress President Sonia Gandhi said the majority claim was against democratic principles and filed a petition in the Supreme Court on the legality of the vote counting process. TMP leader Ajit Singh said the policy of the coalition government is not in the interest of the poor and announced to continue the protest in rural areas. Additionally, opposition parties in some state assemblies challenged the government's transparency by raising legislative questions.

Given all these developmental and political aspects, experts believe that India's democratic process will undergo several tests in the next two years, with economic stability, social inclusion and governance accountability becoming key factors. If the coalition government fulfills its promises, investor confidence will increase and India's position on the international stage will be strengthened. Otherwise, continued protests and legal complications may hinder policy implementation, leading to increased social tensions.